Carbohydrates, Fats and Proteins: Exploring the Relationship Between Macronutrient Ratios and Health Outcomes.The Low-Carb Solution: A Slimmer You in 30 Days.Scholarly books and scientific studies are usually written for an audience that has specialized knowledge of a topic. Trade books, biographies, and how-to guides are usually written for a general audience. Nonfiction books provide in-depth coverage of a topic. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual published by the American Psychiatric Association.The World Almanac and Book of Facts 2010.Note that reference works are many steps removed from original primary sources and are often brief, so these should be used only as a starting point when you gather information. In some cases, reference books may not be checked out of a library. Almanacs, encyclopedias, atlases, medical reference books, and scientific abstracts are examples of reference works. Reference works provide a summary of information about a particular topic. Table 11.1 Library Print Resources Resource Type Writers use strategies to help them find the sources that are most relevant and reliable while steering clear of sources that will not be useful. The challenge here is to conduct your search efficiently. Once you have thought about what kinds of sources are most likely to help you answer your research questions, you may begin your search for print and electronic resources. If you are writing about the health effects of nicotine, you will probably want to read the published results of scientific studies, but secondary sources, such as magazine articles discussing the outcome of a recent study, may also be helpful. If you are writing a research paper about reality television shows, you will need to use some reality shows as a primary source, but secondary sources, such as a reviewer’s critique, are also important. Ask yourself which sources are most likely to provide the information that will answer your research questions. Your topic and purpose determine whether you must cite both primary and secondary sources in your paper. The following are examples of secondary sources: These sources would be considered secondary sources because they are one step removed from the primary source of information. In researching a paper about the First Amendment, you might read articles about legal cases that involved First Amendment rights, or editorials expressing commentary on the First Amendment. Secondary sources discuss, interpret, analyze, consolidate, or otherwise rework information from primary sources. Autobiographies or other personal accounts.Historical documents such as diaries or letters.Other primary sources include the following: For example, if you were writing a paper about the First Amendment right to freedom of speech, the text of the First Amendment in the Bill of Rights would be a primary source. Primary sources are direct, firsthand sources of information or data. Writers classify research resources in two categories: primary sources and secondary sources. As you read, begin gathering print and electronic resources, identify at least eight to ten sources by the time you finish the chapter, and begin taking notes on your research findings. In this section, you will locate and evaluate resources for your paper and begin taking notes. But how can you tell whether a source is reliable? This section will discuss strategies for evaluating sources critically so that you can be a media-savvy researcher. Of course, the technological advances of the past few decades-particularly the rise of online media-mean that, as a twenty-first-century student, you have countless sources of information available at your fingertips. As you read this section, you will learn ways to locate sources efficiently, so you have enough time to read the sources, take notes, and think about how to use the information. This phase can be both exciting and challenging. Now that you have planned your research project, you are ready to begin the research. Understand why many electronic resources are not reliable.Identify criteria for evaluating research resources.Identify instances when it is appropriate to use human sources, such as interviews or eyewitness testimony.Identify strategies for locating relevant print and electronic resources efficiently.Distinguish between primary and secondary sources.
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